At the time when UNESCO was created, in the aftermath of the Second World War, this conviction was reinforced by the feeling that barbarity had almost triumphed and culture almost disappeared. Subsequently, with the accession by new nations to independence, there emerged a new concept, that of cultural heritage, seen initially as the traditional manifestation of a masterpiece or a monument, which reflected the continuity and identity of particular people. Lastly, a third aspect came rapidly to be recognized: the modern industrial world is threatening this heritage in just the same way as it is threatening the environment.

With that aim in mind, UNESCO, as the leading international organization, acted through legal standards and practical endeavours for solidarity and ongoing reflection. The initial notions of heritage, universality and danger were subsequently modified.